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A proxy is also known as the software that acts as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, users could make a request for servers directly and servers would then serve the requested resource directly to the user. While this is a simple process to grasp and use proxy servers can bring benefits such as enhanced performance and privacy, security and more. As an additional pass-through layer, proxies serve as a security barrier on the internet between servers and clients.

Generally speaking, the combined set of server hardware along with the software for proxy installation is typically referred as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are usually regarded as software, as well as when referring to web servers. The article will provide details of the two main types that are forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the identical namesake convention.

This article will provide you with an idea of types of proxy services, what their subtypes are, and the ways they can be helpful for setups that are common. After reading in this post, you'll be able discern the scenarios where it is beneficial to use a proxy and decide on the appropriate choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy for any scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy, also known in the context of or an open proxy is the representative of the client in making an online request to the server that originated it. In this case any attempts to send requests from the user will instead be routed direct through the forward proxy. In this case the forward proxy, on behalf of the client will examine the request. It will first determine whether the client can make requests using this specific forward proxy. It will then either reject requests or redirect them to the server it originated from. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet. It can access only what forward proxy allows for it to link to.

The primary reason for people to make use of forward proxy servers is to increase privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet instead of an individual client, and in this way it can make use of an alternative IP address to the original IP address of the client.

Depending on how it's been set up the forward proxy will offer a range of features and permit you to:

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  Beware of ads that track you.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions based on the place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be utilized in systems that provide centralized security and access that is based on permissions, such as in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows through an open front proxy, the administrator can allow only a small number of clients online access through an ordinary firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the client layer which can involve many machines with different settings and users, there is a way to set up an firewall installed on the front proxy layer.

Take note that forward proxies must be manually set up for the use of these proxies while reverse proxies may be omitted by clients. Based on the type of IP address of a user is passed to the original server via forward proxy security and privacy can be granted or left transparent.

There are a number of options to consider for forward proxies:

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  Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver which has forward proxy functionality.
  
  
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  Squid is an open source forward proxy which utilizes an HTTP protocol. The option does not include the complete web server application. Learn more from our guide on how to use Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante: A forward proxy that runs the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP to make it better to work in situations like peer-to-peer communication. You may also want to learn how to create an Dante proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as a representative of a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf. The web server can comprise a server or multiple servers. It could also be used as an application server, for instance, Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios the request will come from a user via the web at large. In the majority of cases it is transmitted directly to the website server that hosts the information that the user is seeking. Instead, a reverse proxy serves as a middleman to separate Web server from direct contact with the internet's public.

From a consumer's point of view from a client's perspective the use of a reverse proxy is no any different from working with the Web server directly. It's functionally the same but clients aren't able distinguish between the two. The client requests the resource and it then gets it, without any additional configuration needed for the end user.

Reverse proxies provide features like:

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  A central layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic coming inbound on rules that you can set up.
  
  
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  New feature added to caching.
  
  

Although central security is a benefit for both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature only to the layer that is on the webserver, and not to the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at the server level that may include multiple servers that have various configurations, the majority of firewall security is placed upon the reverse proxy. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients off of web servers allows the firewall to focus on providing the resources.

In the event of multiple servers participating within a reverse proxy the reverse proxy also determines which requests go at which server. There may be multiple web servers offering the same content, providing different kinds of services or a mixture of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol similar to an ordinary web server. But, they may be equipped with protocol for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy software to redirect users to a specific server based on the service being requested, or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies may also benefit from their positioning ahead of web servers, by offering the ability to cache data. The large static files can be created with caching rules in order to avoid needing to connect with web servers for every request, with some solutions allowing you to directly serve static assets without touching the web server even once. Additionally, the reverse proxy is able to deal with compression on these resources.

The well-known Nginx web server also functions as an effective reverse proxy service. While Apache can also be a reverse proxy option however, the Apache web server also comes equipped with a reverse proxy option as an additional option for Apache as opposed to Nginx was originally designed to and focuses on reverse proxy functions.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use-cases

Due to the fact that "forward" as well as "reverse" come with connotations of directionality as well as inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing because both types of proxies deal with requests and responses. The most effective way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the requirements of the app you're working on.

Reverse proxy can be a valuable tool when you are creating a solution for serving web-based applications via the internet. They represent your web servers every time you use the web.

A forward proxy is helpful when it is displayed in front of clients for your personal use or in a professional environment. They serve as a representation of your client's traffic for any online interaction.

The practice of separating by use case instead of focusing on the similar names will help in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

This article clarifies the meaning of a proxy with two types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for application and the exploration of attributes that are beneficial were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you'd like to explore the use of proxy servers, you can read our guide on how to set up Nginx to act as an Internet server and reverse proxy to Apache using Ubuntu 20.04 Server. Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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