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These are not a complete record (many events only have photos for one day), but have been reviewed to corroborate reports from interviews. As well as building software and participating in online discussions, I attended additional IndieWeb events where feasible. This section has discussed principles, practices, and CobraX Gummies Ingredients technical components that support individual websites and software to operate as part of IndieWeb’s broader infrastructure. This dissertation sits at the intersection between platform and infrastructure studies identified by Plantin and colleagues (Plantin and Powell 2016; Plantin, Lagoze, et al. As a result, in the course of this dissertation I expect to observe value-oriented goals being contingent upon the situations to which they are employed and the resources that accompany them. When I assert that particular actions reflect commitments to particular values, it is beyond the scope of this dissertation if and how those values extend through other aspects of IndieWeb’s contributors’ lives. Mastodon is a decentralized social network first launched in 2016. Its design demonstrates many philosophical similarities to that of IndieWeb, and its technical foundation, ActivityPub, was published by the W3C’s Social Web Working Group that also published IndieWeb’s Webmention, Micropub, and WebSub specifications.



Let’s try to get people to build stuff now and see if this is actually working before we go any further with it. It runs on one’s own server (as long as one is running WordPress), it is easy to install (WordPress contains simple mechanisms for installing plugins with which most people who operate WordPress sites are familiar), and it can parse content from many IndieWeb and other websites. Infrastructure studies is a large influence on this dissertation, especially through its conviction that studying technical details of a system can illuminate "the political, ethical, and social choices that have been made throughout its development" (G. Like infrastructure studies, platform studies is concerned with relationships between society and technical systems. The momentum and invisibility of complex systems increases as new versions are layered atop previous iterations (G. For example, Friedman’s (Friedman 1997) edited volume titled Human values and the design of computer technology asserts that: Software designs can have biases (Friedman and Nissenbaum 1997); the inclusion or exclusion of technical features can have ethical consequences (Tang 1997); and the categories used by information systems can have a disciplinary effect on users (Suchman 1997). These concepts have nurtured the growth of Value-Sensitive Design (VSD), a research program that works to define methods and approaches for designing technology "that accounts for human values in a principles and comprehensive manner throughout the design process" (Friedman and P. H. Kahn 2003, p.



I propose that the question of how power is decentralized and recentralized can help address questions about how inclusion and CobraX Gummies Reviews exclusion occur. Second, if someone came to IndieWeb’s community asking for help setting up a site or tool that would facilitate hate speech or harassment, they would be violating IndieWeb’s code of conduct, asked to leave, and CobraX Gummies Reviews certainly not assisted. When investigating human ties, I focus on interactions among members of IndieWeb’s community. In general, literature about values in design focuses on values related to "human well-being, human dignity, justice, welfare, and human rights" (Friedman and CobraX Gummies Reviews P. H. Kahn 2003, p. Studying infrastructures necessitates addressing the following features, as summarized by Sandvig (2013): "Invisibility, dependence on human practices, modularity, standardization, and momentum" (p. Infrastructures are constituted by "a baffling network of relationships producing significant outcomes that no single actor seems particularly able to foresee" (Sandvig 2013, p. I strongly agree, that values and ethics must be taken seriously throughout an organization’s processes, CobraX Gummies Reviews and this must occur even when they challenge an organization’s financial or CobraX Gummies other functional outcomes. Addressing the maintenance and repair of values in technology reframes those values as "contingent and ongoing accomplishments" (Houston et al.



Dourish (2019) suggests that one of the obstacles for addressing such challenges in HCI is that the field has staked its claim to legitimacy in the concept of user experience (UX). Community of practice theory in general has been criticized for CobraX Gummies Ingredients not addressing internal hierarchies (B. Those questions will be addressed in Chapter 5, which presents a structural overview of the community through its logged discussions and GitHub activity, and in Chapter 6, which investigates factors contributing to influence and exclusion. I discussed this in Chapter 4 by describing how material structures that facilitate modular code contributed to obstacles for reflection. I identified a number of technical ties in Chapter 4. First, I identified a balancing act between technical features that support decentralized building activities (e.g. modular and pluralistic designs) and those necessary to achieve interoperability (e.g. technical standards). To be able to understand relationships among these two data sources, it necessary to determine a temporal framing that is commensurable across both.